Cylinder head of internal combustion oil engines



Aug. 2 7, 1935.

J. H. S. GARDNER CYLINDER HEAD OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION OIL ENGINES Filed Sept. 12, 1954 2 Sheets-Sheet l Aug. 27, 1935. J. H. s. GARDNER CYLINDER HEAD OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION OIL ENGINES Filed Sept. 12, 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 g Mf- IIIII Patented Aug. 27, 1935 U E S ATES PATENT oral-ca ..CYLINDERLHEAD LOF INTERNAL COMBUS- TION- OIL ENGINES Joseph "Hugh Stott' Gardner; "Patricroft; near ManchesterfiEngland, assignor to L. Gardner &

Sons -"Limited,- Patricroftgnear Manchester;

England a British company Application. September 12; .1934, Serial No. 743,757

' In Great Britain September 20,1933

'Z GIaims. (o1; 1-23-31 Referring to theaccompanyingl'sheets" ofTex- In. connection with cylinder-heads oflcompression' ignition type internal combustion engines, difficulties,.arise if attempts be. made to utilize aluminium or like relatively soft light metal alloys due tocthenecessity of providingmore durable metal .'for the. inlet and exhaust valve seats and for the seating of the fuel sprayer. or injector, when. suchis situated inthe cylinder head.

.The object of. mypresent inventionis to providetthe valve seats and the fuel injector seating in. a simple and convenient mannenand in a form which permits of the a ready. renewal of the-said parts without discarding the aluminium or like light alloy cylinder. head;

My invention comprises the improved cylinder head of the type-which is complete in itself sofar the cooling'waterpassages. are concerned, but asa durable metalplate with the valveseat's therein secured thereto, characterized in this thata bushing .or seating f or. the. fuel sprayer or injector is passed through the cylinder head into thedurable metal plate so lasto make a gas tight joint, with the plate and tohold or assistto hold the-plate. tothe head. during. manipulation prior to assembly. inthe engine, afterwhich the plate is [clamped between the .head and cylinder to make gas. tight joints therewith.

-Myinvention further comprises a cylinder head with a plate of a durable metal having thevalve seatstherein andrec eiving the injector bushing or seating as a gas tight fit therein, the said plate being located by a screw or screws or by the bushing or seating in a machined recess in the cylinder head and being clamped in position between the head and the cylinder to make gas tight joints therewith when the head is secured upon the cylinder.

My invention further comprises the provision of the durable metal plate with the valve seats therein between adjacent surfaces of the cylinder head and the cylinder, the said plate being located in position upon the head by the injector bushing and then clamped between the head and the cylinder to make gas tight joints therewith by the usual cylinder head holding down bolts or studs which pass through the plate.

My invention. further comprises the arrangement in which the fuel sprayer bushing or seating is a press fit in or screws into the durable metal plate.

planatory drawings:-

Figure lis a sectional elevation,'Figure2 a plan view'and Figure 3 a sectional elevation on the line A3 of Figure 2 illustrating a'cylinder r head constructed and arranged in one convenient form" in accordance with my invention.

Figure' i'is a view similar to Figure. l'and Figure5 a plan view cnthe' lineidDrofl igure'4 illustrating a mo'difiedconstruction of cylinder head in accordance with this invention; l

The same reference letters in thediifer'ent views indicate the same or similar parts.

"In the application of myi invention illustrated at" Figures PS, the separate detachable plate "a which contains the inletand exhaustvalve'seats b and 0 may be made of a hardbronze a'lloyor other suitable metal an'dmaybe apressiit' irfa machined recess in the light alloy cylinderheadfl, thefaceo'f the plate iw'being flush with the face or the head and of larger diameter'than the bore of the cylinder e so that when the head is secured upon the cylinderby the usualhol'ding down studsor bolts, the plate is'held tightly in'positionand makes a gas tight jointwith' themea d andcylinder. A locating screw in the periphery of the plate prevents it turning. If the plate c; is not lacpress 'fit" in the recess in'the' head; locating screws may be used to secure it to the head'ar d' facilitate handling and machining butthe maintenance of gas tightjoints between plate, head and cylinder is due to the holding down pressure of the studs orbolts. The cylinder head has the usual inlet and exhaust passage g and h therein and the valve guides i and 7. The fuel sprayer or injector is positioned as usual in the cylinder head so that the spray is delivered into the engine cylinder. A headed bushing it which provides a seat for the sprayer or injector m may be pressed through the sprayer recess in the head into the plate a in which it is a good press-tight fit so that there is no pressure leakage from the cylinder along the bushing. Or the bushing may be threaded through the sprayer recess and screwed into the plate a and serve as additional means for holding the plate to the head to make the desired gas tight joint at the bushing. The bushing, if not concentric with the plate, may also serve as the plate locating means.

The plate with the valve seats therein can be withdrawn from the cylinder head and renewed when desired without damaging the head.

In the application of my invention illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, the plate a with the valve seats b and c therein is located between the cylinder head and the cylinder e and is held in place by the usual holding down studs. In this case a single plate may serve for a multi-cylinder engine., The bushing k foreach cylinder of the engine'ispressed or screwed into the plate a through the head 'in the manner before described. In this application of my invention, the plate for a series of cylinders may be located in position upon the head by the bushings k together with if desired screws to facilitate handling and machining as with the previous construction.

My invention is not concerned with engines in I which the cylinder head is of built up construction with a durable metal wall for the valve seats and fuel valve bushing. In my improvement,

the durable metal plate is applied to a head which is already complete so far as its cooling water passages are concerned.

What I'claim is:

U 1. A cylinder head for a compression ignition internal combustion engine complete in itself so faras the cooling water passages are concerned an having'secured thereto adurable metal plate lclt'z'ated at the face of the cylinder head abuttin against the cylinder block, a bushing or seating for a'fuel injector passing through said cylinder head and making a gas-tight de-mountable "machined recess in said cylinder head wherein said plate is contained and which it completely -fills and a bushing or seating for afuel injector passing through said cylinder head and making a gas-tight de-mountable joint with said plate.

, 3."A cylinder head for a compression ignition internal combustion engine complete in itself so as the cooling water passages are concerned and having" secured theretoa durablemetal plate,

.valve seats formed in the said metal plate, the said plate being'located at the face of the cylinder head abutting against the cylinder block, a cirmachined recess in said cylinder head the cylinder head abutting against the cylinder block, said plate having apertures therein for passage of cylinder head holding-down bolts or studs, and a bushing or seating for a fuel injector passing through said cylinder head and making a gas-tight de-mountable joint with said plate.

5. A cylinder head for a compression ignition internal combustion engine comprising cooling water passages enclosed therein, a machined recess in the lower face of said cylinder head, a

" fiat, solid plate of durable metal receivable within and completely filling said recess and formed with valve seats, and a bushing or seating for a fuel injector passing through-part of said cylinder head and making a gas-tight push-fit within an aperture in said plate, thereby securing said plate to said cylinder head.

6. A cylinder head for a compression ignition internal combustion engine comprising cooling water passages enclosed therein, a machined recess in the lower face of said cylinder head, a fiat, solid plate of durable metal receivable within and completely filling said recess and formed with valve seats, and a bushing or seating for a fuel injector passing through part of said cylinder head and screw threaded into an aperture in said plate, thereby securing said plate to said cylinder head.

7. A cylinder head for a compression ignition internal combustion engine comprising cooling water passages enclosed therein, and a flat, solid plate of durable metal formed with valve seats therein and contacting with the lower face of said cylinder head, a bushing or seating for a fuel injector passing through part of said cylinder head and making a gas-tight engagement within a hole in said plate with said plate and removably securing said plate to said cylinder head, and a series of apertures for the passage of cylinder head holding-down bolts or studs in said cylinder head and in said plate in register one with another.

' JOSEPH HUGH STOTT GARDNER. 

